Synthesis of Nano‐Sized V ₂ O ₅ Cathodes for Rechargeable Aluminum‐Ion Batteries: Effect of Annealing Temperature on Structural and Cyclic Voltammetry

ABSTRACT The electrochemistry of rechargeable aqueous aluminum ions (Al 3+ ) has numerous advantages, such as abundant resources, improved safety, environmental compatibility, and high energy density. Therefore, it is the most advantageous choice for alternative energy storage systems. Nano‐sized V 2 O 5 has been synthesized by using self‐propagating combustion method. V 2 O 5 _500, V 2 O 5 _600, and V 2 O 5 _700 were produced at temperatures of 500°C, 600°C, and 700°C, respectively. The materials were then analyzed using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), Raman spectroscopy, and Cyclic voltammetry (CV). This study investigates the effectiveness of nanostructured V 2 O 5 as a cathode material in aluminum‐ion batteries, focusing on the impact of annealing temperature on its electrochemical performance. XRD and FESEM analyses revealed that the 600°C sample exhibited an optimized nanostructured morphology (∼20 nm crystallite size, high phase purity). Galvanostatic charge/discharge tests using AlCl 3 ‐EMIM/Cl electrolyte and aluminum foil as counter electrodes showed a discharge capacity of 45.6 mAh g −1 for the optimized sample. The results highlight the importance of annealing temperature in tailoring V 2 O 5 ’s structure for improved performance.