Performance of Peltier-Based Thermal Management System: Impact of Multiple Modules on Cooling Efficiency and Energy Consumption

The effectiveness of thermal management procedures is considered a crucial point for keeping the performance and longevity of electronic and electrical application boards. One of the solutions, which has gained increased interest from researchers and industrial institutes, is the use of a thermoelectric cooler (TEC), also known as a Peltier, which is made of two semiconductor materials for promising support of the traditional forced fan air-cooling. However, a more detailed investigation of the effect of using Peltier technology under operational and design change conditions is needed. In line with this, this study examines an experimental prototype model to analyze the impact of different numbers of Peltier units (1 to 4) and different refrigerants (Distilled water only, mono ethylene glycol and Distilled water 50:50) on thermal progress performance in terms of thermal absorption and energy consumption. Under variable real operations, the result appeared that the mixture (distilled water + mono ethylene glycol 50:50) outperformed distilled water only, achieved faster electrical cabinet temperature reduction, and a higher cooling performance (COP) in all Peltier configuration models. The highest COP of 3.75 was recorded using four Peltier units with a mixture of mono ethylene glycol. The findings emphasize the importance of the best refrigerant choice and system configuration for efficient thermal management, paving the way for future advancements in thermoelectric cooling technologies.