Taking stock of responsible leadership research: a systematic literature review and research agenda

Purpose This paper systematically reviews and consolidates the latest empirical evidence on responsible leadership (RL) to provide an interdisciplinary and comprehensive synthesis. The purpose of this study is to address the fragmented and ambiguous nature of the existing literature, offering a clearer understanding of the mechanisms linking RL to its antecedents, boundary conditions and outcomes, and identifying critical areas for future research. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses a systematic review methodology, analyzing and synthesizing empirical evidence from various disciplines. This study focuses on studies across micro, meso and macro levels to provide a holistic perspective of RL, exploring the determinants, boundary conditions and outcomes of RL. Findings The review reveals five critical research gaps in the RL literature: the complex layering of RL, the boundary conditions affecting RL, a processual understanding of RL, the spatial dimensions of RL and the role of RL in the digital world. These gaps highlight the need for further research and offer multiple directions for advancing the field of RL. Research limitations/implications This paper highlights the need for more research on the boundary conditions and contextual factors influencing RL across different organizational settings and cultural environments. Practical implications The findings of this study provide practical insights for leaders seeking to implement RL strategies in their organizations, especially in addressing complex and evolving challenges in the current contexts. Social implications By advancing the understanding of RL, this study has implications for promoting better leadership practice, emphasizing social responsibility at multiple levels. Originality/value This paper offers a unique interdisciplinary synthesis of RL literature, consolidating fragmented research across multiple levels of analysis. By identifying key research gaps and providing a roadmap for future investigation, this study contributes to the ongoing development of this rapidly growing field.