Impact of Kangaroo Mother Care on Neonatal Mortality in Preterm and Low-Birth-Weight Infants: A PRISMA-Based Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is an evidence-based intervention for preterm and low-birth-weight infants. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the impact of KMC on neonatal mortality. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, and WHO ICTRP for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing KMC versus conventional care. Data extraction and risk of bias (RoB-2) assessments were performed. Random-effects meta-analysis estimated risk ratios (RRs). Subgroup analyses and GRADE assessment were conducted. Results: Five RCTs (n≈11,000) were included. KMC reduced neonatal mortality compared to conventional care (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.64–0.85, p<0.001; I²=0%). Subgroup analyses (hospital vs. community; immediate vs. delayed initiation) confirmed consistent benefits. Risk of bias was low-to-some concerns; certainty was graded as Moderate. Conclusions: KMC significantly reduces neonatal mortality in preterm and low-birth-weight infants. Integration of KMC into neonatal care policies is strongly recommended.