Postpartum Depression in a High-Risk Population: An Exploratory Pilot Study Examining Family Composition Factors in Mothers With Substance Use During Pregnancy

This exploratory pilot study suggests that the relationship between family composition factors and PPD screening results may differ in high-risk populations compared to general samples. The association with multiparity warrants further investigation, although unmeasured confounding, particularly prior psychiatric history, limits causal interpretation. These preliminary findings highlight the need for larger prospective studies with comprehensive measurement of confounders to understand PPD risk factors in vulnerable populations and inform targeted interventions.