Parametric analysis of quadratic convection on granular material flow through an inclined heated plane with heat absorption/generation

Abstract This work presents a parametric analysis of quadratic convection with heat production or absorption through an inclined surface. The flow dynamics of granular materials, such as metal ores, sand, and coal, have garnered considerable interest owing to their significance in technical problems. In several industrial processes, these materials undergo heating before processing and cooling after processing. The governing mathematical model accounting for quadratic convection and heat generation/absorption is developed from the continuum model. Two categories of boundary conditions have been examined for thermal distribution: fixed-temperature boundary conditions and heat-flux boundary conditions. The established governing equations are nonlinear; hence, a numerical method has been used to obtain the numerical solutions. The graphical representation of the impacts of volume fraction profiles, temperature distributions, and velocity distributions has been analyzed for all pertinent variables. The proposed work has practical applications in real-world physical systems, particularly in industrial processes involving granular materials like sand, coal, and metal ores in inclined chutes, rotary kilns, and packed bed reactors.