Cancer Immunotherapy: Review, Advancement and Future Outlook

With the continuous improvement of cancer treatment, numerous approaches have achieved remarkable results and have been implemented in clinical treatment. During the few decades, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy for cancer therapy were created and developed. Immunotherapy for cancer has played a significant role especially. Tumor cells are adept at employing various mechanisms to evade the attack of the immune system. Therefore, cancer is currently one of the most difficult diseases to treat. After fully understanding the immune system, scientists have focused on aspects such as immune checkpoints, antibodies, and T lymphocytes, aiming to kill tumor cells and combat cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cells, monoclonal antibodies and cancer vaccines were invented. After reviewing a large number of materials, this article summarizes the development history of cancer immunotherapy, integrates and summarizes some representative and popular cancer immunotherapy methods for introduction, and involves the obstacles in treatment and future prospects.