Merger of Critical Realism and Complexity Theory: Laying the Foundations for a Unified Ontological and Epistemological Perspective for the Study of Social Systems

Abstract This paper endeavors to engage Complexity Theory (CT) and Critical Realism (CR) in a constructive dialogue, aiming to build bridges between the two epistemological premises. CT, as a new perspective, is being endorsed in various fields, including the social sciences, where a shift from a linear, mechanistic and reductionist view, towards a recognition of the complex and dynamic nature of social processes, is realized. More specifically, this study examines the commonalities and distinctions between CT and CR, highlighting their complementary strengths. By exploring their potential integration, the paper argues for a beneficial merger that could result in a unified framework. Such a framework would also align with contemporary philosophical and scientific thought, offering a more robust understanding of complex social phenomena. Ultimately, this dialogue seeks to inspire further interdisciplinary research, foster a deeper engagement with the epistemological and ontological challenges and encourage ongoing academic discourse that bridges theoretical divides.