An outlook for the emergence of radicalism in Indonesia and Nigeria: a comparative analysis

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the emergence of radicalism and compare its manifestations in Indonesia and Nigeria, as well as the measures and initiatives taken by the governments of both countries to counter radicalism. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopts a qualitative methodological approach using comparative data analysis, informed by relevant and appropriate literature on radicalism. Findings The study finds that extreme interpretations of Qur’anic verses, particularly verses 44, 45 and 47 of Chapter 5 (Surah al-Ma’idah), are the root cause behind the emergence of radicalism in Indonesia and Nigeria, especially among youth. Both governments have used various systematic approaches, including military intervention, counseling of arrested individuals and collaboration with civilian task forces, as part of their strategies to combat terrorism. Originality/value The comparative analysis revealed that Nigeria has experienced more significant damage, including loss of lives and destruction of properties by Boko Haram, than Indonesia. Both countries have lessons to offer each other. Indonesia could strengthen its military response, while Nigeria could incorporate more systemic reforms to address underlying grievances. Furthermore, both nations should expand educational efforts by involving scholars to provide authentic interpretations of Islamic teachings.