<i>Euclid</i> : An emulator for baryonic effects on the matter bispectrum

The Euclid mission and other next-generation large-scale structure surveys will enable high-precision measurements of the cosmic matter distribution. Understanding the impact of baryonic processes such as star formation and active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback on matter clustering is crucial to ensure precise and unbiased cosmological inference. Most theoretical models of baryonic effects to date focus on two-point statistics, neglecting higher-order contributions. This work develops a fast and accurate emulator for baryonic effects on the matter bispectrum, a key non-Gaussian statistic in the nonlinear regime. We employ high-resolution N -body simulations from the BACCO suite and apply a combination of cutting-edge techniques such as cosmology scaling and baryonification to efficiently span a large cosmological and astrophysical parameter space. A deep neural network is trained to emulate baryonic effects on the matter bispectrum measured in simulations, capturing modifications across various scales and redshifts relevant to Euclid . We validate the emulator accuracy and robustness using an analysis of Euclid mock data, employing predictions from the state-of-the-art FLAMINGO hydrodynamical simulations. The emulator reproduces baryonic suppression in the bispectrum to better than 2% for the 68% percentile across most triangle configurations for k ∈ [0.01, 20] h Mpc −1 and ensures consistency between cosmological posteriors inferred from second- and third-order weak lensing statistics. These results demonstrate that our emulator meets the high-precision requirements of the Euclid mission for at least the first data release and provides reliable forecasts of the cosmological information contained in the small-scale matter bispectrum. This underscores the potential of emulation techniques to bridge the gap between complex baryonic physics and observational data, maximising the scientific output of Euclid .

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Journal
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published
2025-11-03
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202556061
Primary Topic
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
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article
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article

Euclid : An emulator for baryonic effects on the matter bispectrum

M Viel, S Pires, G. Seidel, M. Martinelli et al.
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
article

Euclid : An emulator for baryonic effects on the matter bispectrum

M Viel, S Pires, G. Seidel, M. Martinelli, Will J. Percival, R. P. Saglia, P. Tallada-Crespí, G. Riccio, L. Conversi, A Grazian, Giovanni Aricò, C. Sirignano, M. Brescia, I Tereno, I. Hook, F. Dubath, C. Baccigalupi, J. Carretero, F. Marulli, C. Giocoli, O. Marggraf, V. F. Cardone, F. Courbin, Y. Copin, G. Sirri, Joop Schaye, Michael J. Hudson, F Raison, S. Bardelli, E Medinaceli, C. Padilla, E. Sefusatti, J Steinwagner, G Castignani, L. Moscardini, S.-M Niemi, T. Schrabback, L. Gabarra, H Degaudenzi, S. V. H. Haugan, R. Massey, T. Vassallo, S. Dusini, Benjamin Joachimi, R. Toledo-Moreo, M. Moresco, Raúl E. Angulo, D. Sapone, Ashadul Halder, A. Veropalumbo, W. Holmes, F Finelli, E. Romelli, L Stanco, Henk Hoekstra, C. Colodro-Conde, S Andreon, I. Tutusaus, O. Mansutti, G. Zamorani, N. Martinet, Matteo Zennaro, J. Väliviita, Yeliang Wang, E. Zucca, S. Escoffier, E. Maiorano, B. Gillis, M. Roncarelli, S Casas, A. Hornstrup, F. Hormuth, A. Balestra, A. Secroun, M. Farina, M Jhabvala, F. Pasian, H Kurki-Suonio, M. Castellano, M Melchior, F. Grupp, R. Farinelli, Matthieu Schaller, C Colodro-Conde, S. Galeotta, Kim Steenstrup Pedersen, E. Franceschi, K Jahnke, Ariel G. Sánchez, Pardis Simon, V Capobianco, Laila Linke, S. Camera, Z. Sakr, Lucas Porth, Sven Heydenreich, K. C. Chambers, M. Kilbinger, V. Lindholm, E. Keihänen, B. Sartoris, G. Meylan, S. Cavuoti, M. Frailis, V Scottez, M. Fumana, A. Spurio Mancini, P. Bergamini, C. Carbone, S. Kermiche, P.A Burger, Sune Toft, J. M. Diego, P. B. Lilje, S. Serrano, A Pezzotta, A.M.C Le Brun, E. Branchini, H. M. Courtois, Jeger C. Broxterman, A. Da Silva, G de Lucia, M Kunz, F Torradeflot, M. Baldi, J Rhodes, D. Maino, A Amara, V. Pettorino, L. A. Popa, G Congedo, E. Merlin, A.N Taylor, P Schneider, M. Poncet, G Polenta, A Biviano, A. Cimatti, B. Kubik, G Mainetti, I. Lloro, C Burigana, Y. Ascasíbar, J Gracia-Carpio, S Mei, N. Fourmanoit, L Valenziano, C Neissner, S Paltani, A. Mora, P Fosalba, S. Ferriol, S Ligori, C.A.J Duncan, S de la Torre, A. Renzi
article en

Abstract

The Euclid mission and other next-generation large-scale structure surveys will enable high-precision measurements of the cosmic matter distribution. Understanding the impact of baryonic processes such as star formation and active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback on matter clustering is crucial to ensure precise and unbiased cosmological inference. Most theoretical models of baryonic effects to date focus on two-point statistics, neglecting higher-order contributions. This work develops a fast and accurate emulator for baryonic effects on the matter bispectrum, a key non-Gaussian statistic in the nonlinear regime. We employ high-resolution N -body simulations from the BACCO suite and apply a combination of cutting-edge techniques such as cosmology scaling and baryonification to efficiently span a large cosmological and astrophysical parameter space. A deep neural network is trained to emulate baryonic effects on the matter bispectrum measured in simulations, capturing modifications across various scales and redshifts relevant to Euclid . We validate the emulator accuracy and robustness using an analysis of Euclid mock data, employing predictions from the state-of-the-art FLAMINGO hydrodynamical simulations. The emulator reproduces baryonic suppression in the bispectrum to better than 2% for the 68% percentile across most triangle configurations for k ∈ [0.01, 20] h Mpc −1 and ensures consistency between cosmological posteriors inferred from second- and third-order weak lensing statistics. These results demonstrate that our emulator meets the high-precision requirements of the Euclid mission for at least the first data release and provides reliable forecasts of the cosmological information contained in the small-scale matter bispectrum. This underscores the potential of emulation techniques to bridge the gap between complex baryonic physics and observational data, maximising the scientific output of Euclid .

Astronomy and AstrophysicsVol. 705
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (FR), Ikerbasque (ES), University of Geneva (CH), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ES), Leiden University (NL), California Institute of Technology (US), University of Copenhagen (DK), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR), Goddard Space Flight Center (US), Institute of Space Sciences (ES), University of Hawaii System (US), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (US), University of Helsinki (FI), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (FR), University of Bonn (DE), Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (IT), University of Padua (IT), University of Lisbon (PT), University of Waterloo (CA), University of Groningen (NL), Lyon College (US), Université Catholique de Lille (FR), Perimeter Institute (CA), Royal Holloway University of London (GB), University of Oslo (NO), Institute for High Energy Physics (ES), University of Milan (IT), Universität Innsbruck (AT), University of Saint Joseph (US), University of Zurich (CH), Université Paris Cité (FR), Aix-Marseille Université (FR), Heidelberg University (DE), Université de Lille (FR), University of Cambridge (GB), Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (FR), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (FR), Université Paris-Saclay (FR), Centre National d'Études Spatiales (FR), Observatoire de Paris (FR), Helsinki Institute of Physics (FI), Astronomical Observatory of Rome (IT), Trieste Astronomical Observatory (IT), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (FR), Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte (IT), European Space Agency (FR), Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie (FR), Brera Astronomical Observatory (IT), University of Surrey (GB), FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland (CH), United Kingdom Space Agency (GB), Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (ES), Sorbonne Université (FR), University of Oxford (GB), Park University (US), Osservatorio astronomico di Bologna (IT), Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation (FR), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (FR), Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences (PT), Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (DE), Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (ES), European Space Astronomy Centre (ES), Centre de physique des particules de Marseille (FR), Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille (FR), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino (IT), Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology (IT), International University of Beirut (LB), Institut Català de Ciències del Clima (ES), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova (IT), Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (IT), Royal Observatory (GB), SKA Observatory (GB), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli (IT), Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (DE), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique (FR), DAWN Center for Independent Living (US), Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna (IT), Château Gombert (FR), Federico II University Hospital (IT), Institute of Astronomy (RU), Institute of Theoretical Physics (CN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova (IT), CEA Paris-Saclay (FR), Naples Anesthesia & Physician Associates (US), Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (ES), Felix Scholarship (GB), Astronomical Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences (SK), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano (IT), Institute of Space Science - INFLPR Subsidiary (RO), Computing Center (RU), Centre de Calcul de l’Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (FR), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna (IT), Port d'Informació Científica (ES), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste (IT), Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe (IT), Institute of Nuclear Physics of Lyon (FR), Astronomical Observatory (RS), St. Joseph Medical Center (US), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I (IT), Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (IT), European Space Research Institute (IT), Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (ES), Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (FR), Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (US), Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (FR), European Space Research and Technology Centre (NL), University College London (GB), Donostia International Physics Center (ES), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (CH), University of Turin (IT), Lancaster University (GB), University of Chile (CL), Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (DE), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE), University of Genoa (IT), National Institute for Astrophysics (IT), RWTH Aachen University (DE), University of Bologna (IT), Technical University of Denmark (DK), University of Edinburgh (GB)
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Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
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