Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nde 1923-1960 Döneminde İskân Politikaları ve Finansal Kurumların Rolü: Kurumsallaşma, Entegrasyon ve Kalkınma Bağlamında Bir İnceleme

With the proclamation of the Republic in 1923, Türkiyr entered a period of political and social reconstruction, during which one of the most critical components was migration and settlement policies. The relocation of Turkish-Muslim communities from the Balkans, the Caucasus, and the Middle East to Anatolia was directly linked to the state’s social engineering initiatives. In this context, migration was seen not only as a demographic issue but also as a tool for fostering national unity, agricultural production, strategic population distribution, and social cohesion.The Settlement Law No. 2510, enacted in 1934, provided a legal and institutional framework for the resettlement process. Settlement commissions were established, and detailed plans for migrant placement were prepared. However, the insufficiency of economic resources revealed that administrative measures alone were inadequate. At this point, public financial institutions such as Ziraat Bank and the Emlak ve Eytam Bank stepped in. Ziraat Bank provided agricultural loans, while Emlak ve Eytam Bank offered long-term financing for housing needs.This study analyzes the settlement policies implemented between 1923 and 1960 through the lens of financial institutions, revealing their impacts on economic integration, social stability, and development. It also examines institutional proposals such as the "Migration Bank" brought to the agenda of the Grand National Assembly of Türkiye (TBMM). The conclusion emphasizes that migration and settlement policies must be carried out with multi-dimensional planning that takes regional differences into account to ensure sustainable development.