Effects of Bioactive Glass Carrier-Loaded Sacubitril/Valsartan Sodium Tablets on Cardiomyocytes From Rats With Chronic Heart Failure

Background and Objective: Sacubitril/valsartan sodium tablets (SVSTs) represent a therapeutic option for chronic heart failure (CHF), functioning by inhibiting angiotensin II receptors and neprilysin. Thus, this study aimed to develop mesoporous nano-bioactive glass (MNBG)-loaded SVSTs to enhance the bioavailability of SVSTs and investigate the treatment effects on myocardial cell autophagy and apoptosis in rats with CHF. Materials and Methods: The MNBG-loaded SVSTs were prepared and tested in normal Sprague-Dawley rats (Ctrl group) and CHF models created through abdominal aortic ligation. The rats were divided into CHF, SVST, and SVST/MNBG groups (15 rats each). Cardiac function, myocardial tissue pathology, and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2 and Bax), and autophagy-related proteins (Atg5, beclin1, p62, and LC3II/I) were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 via one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), t-test, and χ2 test (p < 0.05). Results: The CHF group demonstrated reduced cardiac function with increased ROS, CK-MB, NT-proBNP levels, and decreased NO levels, along with altered protein expression (decreased Bcl-2, Atg5, beclin1, p62, and increased Bax, LC3II/I). The SVST and SVST/MNBG groups presented improved cardiac function, reduced ROS, CK-MB, and NT-proBNP levels, increased NO, and favorable protein expression changes. The SVST/MNBG group showed superior improvements compared to the SVST group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Loading MNBG with SVSTs can improve cardiac function in CHF models and exert the effects of SVSTs by influencing cardiomyocytes to promote autophagy–apoptosis. These findings provide preliminary evidence for identifying potential candidates to treat heart failure.