An Assessment of Performance of Power Pack Fueled with Nano-Enhanced Biodiesel Biobutanol Blends Operated with Optimal Operating Parameters

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">As of today, scenario using the renewable resources from the waste and biomass is essential to decrease the dependence on the fossil fuel imports. This study is to use the waste castor seed into oil and for powering the power pack along with biobutanol extracted from waste of fruits and vegetables from the food processing outlets. As a first step the possible combination of the fuel blend is being chosen by preparing various proportions of castor oil biodiesel (from 100% to 55% in steps of 5%) and biobutanol (0%–35% in increments of 5%). The blends are being tested for the phase separation test in the environment of 25°C for a period of 30 days. The chosen blend (25% biobutanol and rest castor oil biodiesel 75CBD25BB) has been tested for the performance in power pack, which is used for diesel as primary fuel. This blend was further tested by optimizing the parameters—compression ratio, fuel injection timing, and nozzle opening pressure of the test power pack through L9 orthogonal array. In continuation, chosen blend is enhanced with nano-alumina and nano-zinc oxide in three proportions viz., 50, 75, and 100 mg/L. It is found that the blend with optimal levels of parameters CR 19:1; FIT 26°CA; NOP 210 bar along with 100 mg/L of nano-alumina (100 mg/L) and nano-zinc oxide (100 mg/L) resulted in better performance and competent emissions.</div></div>