KARAYOLU PROJELERİNİN ÇEVRESEL ETKİLERİNİN COĞRAFİ BİLGİ SİSTEMLERİ İLE MEKÂNSAL ANALİZİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is an important planning tool that evaluates alternatives in terms of the technology to be used in highway projects and the spatial area where the project will be implemented and analyzes the negative environmental impacts that may arise during the project cycle. Environmental impact assessment of highway projects is a very complex and difficult subject as it requires the examination of a large amount of data. For this reason, it is inevitable to benefit from Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with appropriate spatial analysis methods that allow the evaluation of many parameters together, both during the development of highway route alternatives and the environmental impact assessment studies of these alternatives. In this study, the ‘Spatial analysis methods’, ‘Multi-criteria decision making methods’ (MCDM) and the relationship between GIS and ‘Smart transportation systems’ recommended for use in the GIS-based EIA process of highway projects are explained with the support of literature review. In addition, geographical information systems are used effectively in highway planning, design, construction management, road safety analysis, in the construction and effective management of smart transportation systems in order to reduce traffic density and regulate traffic flow, and in optimum route planning. It is aimed to examine a comprehensive study including the use of GIS components and MCDM methods in the spatial analysis of air, noise, water and socio-economic impacts, especially during the EIA process for infrastructure projects, and to draw attention to the importance of the subject in terms of conveying the process and to summarize the analyses in general terms.