Analisis Sistematis Dampak Media Pembelajaran Digital terhadap Pengembangan Kemampuan Bertanya Kritis Anak Usia Dini dan Sekolah Dasar

The advancement of digital technology has created significant opportunities to enhance the quality of learning in early childhood and elementary education. This article presents a systematic literature review aimed at exploring the impact of digital learning media on the development of children’s critical questioning skills. The method employed was a systematic literature review by analyzing 20 articles published between 2015 and 2024 that were relevant to the topic. The analysis focused on identifying patterns, the role of digital media, and supporting factors for its effectiveness. The findings indicate that interactive digital learning media, game-based platforms, and artificial intelligence–driven pedagogical agents positively contribute to increasing the frequency, quality, and complexity of children’s questions. A digital multiliteracy environment that integrates text, images, videos, and collaborative activities fosters creative exploration and critical reflection. Local findings show that the integration of digital technology with active learning strategies, such as questioning, project-based learning, and inquiry, significantly impacts the development of critical questioning skills. The success of technology utilization is highly influenced by media design quality, teacher engagement, and infrastructure support. This article emphasizes the need for digital literacy training for teachers, curriculum development aligned with digital learning, and policies that ensure equitable access to technology. Further research is recommended to evaluate the long-term effects of digital media on critical questioning skills and the effectiveness of technology across diverse cultural contexts