Kerukunan Beragama di Tengah Perbedaan Agama-Agama dan Moderasi Beragama

This research is motivated by the erosion of harmony and tolerance between religious communities due to various factors, including disputes and conflicts with religious backgrounds. The dynamics of religious life appear quite harsh, especially radicalism and terrorism in the name of religion. Although the government has issued regulations to realize a harmonious religious life, disputes still occur that cause discomfort and disharmony. This research uses a qualitative method using a literature study approach and document analysis related to government regulations, the concept of religious harmony, and theological views from various religions regarding religious harmony. It was found that the essence of religious harmony is mutual recognition, appreciation, and respect for differences in religious beliefs and practices between religious communities. The purpose of religious harmony is to build peaceful relationships, respect each other, and support the existence of other people who believe in their religious teachings. The concept of Tri Religious Harmony includes internal religious harmony, inter-religious harmony, and harmony between religious communities and the government. Factors causing inter-religious disputes/conflicts are exclusive attitudes, not accepting differences, and intolerance. The government established the Religious Harmony Forum (FKUB) as an effort to overcome religious disputes/conflicts. Theological views from various religions (Christian/Catholic, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism) support the concept of religious harmony and religious moderation as a way to achieve harmony. The implementation of religious moderation, which is a balanced religious attitude between exclusiveness and inclusiveness, is the key to realizing harmony and tolerance between religious communities in plural and multicultural Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh semakin terkikisnya sikap kerukunan dan toleransi antar umat beragama akibat berbagai faktor, termasuk perselisihan dan konflik yang berlatar agama. Muncul dinamika kehidupan umat beragama yang cukup keras, terutama radikalisme dan terorisme yang mengatasnamakan agama. Meski pemerintah telah menerbitkan peraturan untuk mewujudkan kehidupan beragama yang harmonis, masih terjadi perselisihan yang menimbulkan ketidaknyamanan dan ketidakharmonisan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi literatur dan analisis dokumen terkait dengan peraturan pemerintah, konsep kerukunan beragama, dan pandangan teologis dari berbagai agama mengenai kerukunan beragama. Ditemukan bahwa esensi kerukunan beragama adalah saling mengakui, menghargai, dan menghormati perbedaan keyakinan dan praktik beragama antar umat beragama. Tujuan kerukunan beragama adalah membangun relasi yang damai, saling menghormati, dan mendukung keberadaan umat lain yang meyakini ajaran agamanya. Konsep Tri Kerukunan Umat Beragama mencakup kerukunan internal umat beragama, kerukunan antarumat beragama, dan kerukunan antara umat beragama dengan pemerintah. Faktor penyebab perselisihan/konflik antarumat beragama adalah sikap eksklusif, tidak menerima perbedaan, dan intoleransi. Pemerintah membentuk Forum Kerukunan Umat Beragama (FKUB) sebagai upaya menanggulangi perselisihan/konflik antarumat beragama. Pandangan teologis dari berbagai agama (Kristen/Katolik, Islam, Hindu, Buddha, dan Konghucu) mendukung konsep kerukunan beragama dan moderasi beragama sebagai jalan untuk mencapai kerukunan. Implementasi moderasi beragama, yaitu sikap beragama yang seimbang antara ekslusif dan inklusif, merupakan kunci untuk mewujudkan kerukunan dan toleransi antarumat beragama di Indonesia yang plural dan multikultural.