Awareness of Unintended Pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Infections among Adolescents and Young Adults in Douala IV Municipality in Cameroon

Unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain major public health concerns among adolescents and young adults, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. This study assessed the level of awareness regarding unintended pregnancy and STIs among youths aged 15 - 24 in Douala IV municipality, Cameroon. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 400 participants selected through stratified random sampling from schools, households, and health centers. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Results indicated that although 78% of respondents had heard of unintended pregnancy, only 54% could correctly identify at least two modern contraceptive methods. Awareness of STIs was higher, with 85% recognizing the term, yet only 47% could identify common STI symptoms. Risky sexual behaviors, such as early sexual debut, multiple partners, and inconsistent condom use, persisted despite this moderate awareness. School-based education and parental discussions were the primary sources of information. However, 60% of respondents reported never receiving formal sexual education. The findings reveal significant knowledge gaps and misconceptions that contribute to poor sexual health outcomes. Strengthening comprehensive sexuality education and youth-friendly services is critical to enhancing informed decision-making and reducing reproductive health risks in this vulnerable population.