Types of Materials Used as Media in Biofilter Reactors and How Effective in Removing Biological and Chemical Oxygen Demand in Wastewater: A Systematic Review

The aim was to determine the types of materials that can be used as media in biofilter reactors, and to determine the effectiveness of these materials in removing Biological and Chemical Oxygen Demand from wastewater. Several databases have been used to identify specific objects related to the ability of biofilters to reduce biological and chemical oxygen demands, including review reports, case studies, and original articles published in PubMed, SCOPUS, and Proquest academic databases. The obtained data as many as 16 of the 86 articles were displayed using keywords. The findings showed that biofiltration successfully reduced the biological and chemical oxygen demand at pilot and laboratory scales with various waste types at different times. The performance of a biofilter is influenced by the media used, the contact area, and biofilm attachment. Sand, gravel, and coarse media were the most effective in reducing the biological and chemical oxygen demand, with an average reduction percentage of 90% or higher. It can be concluded that the use of various media in biofiltration systems can greatly enhance the reduction of Biological and Chemical Oxygen Demand. In my opinion, Selection of appropriate media increases BOD and COD reduction in wastewater treatment.