Managing Human Factors: An Innovative Frameworks for Human-Robot Collaboration: Insights into Interaction Modalities Causing Workload

This study examines interaction modalities' impact on workload in human-robot collaboration within Industry 5.0.Using a framework inspired by Wickens' Multiple Resource Theory, it highlights the negative impact of linguistic tasks and the positive effects of tactile feedback on workload.Input-assist interactions, particularly in visual-spatial contexts, show potential for optimization, while autonomy and environmental factors like robot size and speed further influence workload.The findings suggest practical strategies for enhancing collaboration and call for exploring underutilized modalities and complementary metrics to improve workload assessments in future research.