Vulnerability and Robustness Analyses for the Planning of Resilient Hydrogen Networks

Hydrogen is increasingly recognized as a promising fossil-free energy source and transport vector and thus plays a vital part in many energy-transition scenarios.Computer-aided hydraulic modeling, able to predict the physical conditions within hydrogen grids, is crucial for planning the successful transformation of existing natural gas infrastructures to support hydrogen as a new medium.Given hydrogen's potential key role, the urgency for resilient hydrogen grids is amplified by potential threats such as sabotage and political sanctions, underscoring the importance of simulation tools that can anticipate network behavior under non-standard circumstances.Although transient modelling of hydrogen dynamics is crucial for examining the immediate consequences of extreme contingencies, it is imperative to develop robust algorithms to evaluate the resilience of networks when confronted with such off-design events.Hence, we introduce a framework, specifically designed to evaluate transient responses to extreme events in hybrid or pure hydrogen networks that include storage solutions.This advanced numerical approach enables predictions of system behavior before, during, and after disturbances thereby allowing vulnerabilty, robustness and recovery analyses towards aiding the planning of resilient hydrogen grids.