Optimizing Maintenance Strategies in Railway Systems: The Role of Human-Machine Collaboration

The advent of Industry 4.0 has wholly revolutionized railway maintenance processes by integrating artificial intelligence, robotics, and autonomous systems, providing lots of real-time data, predictive analytics, and automated processes.This integration has caused new problems with human-machine interaction, workplace safety, and workers' physical and mental health in work environments where humans and intelligent machines collaborate.The paper focuses on analyzing different methodologies for monitoring psychological stress and introducing a mathematical model that establishes how good maintenance planning can improve worker safety and health.The primary purpose, in addition to the one already mentioned, is to reduce risks and accidents of operators in the workplace.