Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Current Approaches and Treatment Options

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a spinal deformity that emerges during adolescence and may progress over time. Although its exact etiology remains unclear, it is thought to involve a complex interplay of genetic, neurological, and developmental factors. Early diagnosis and regular follow-up are crucial determinants of disease progression and treatment success. Treatment approaches are tailored based on the degree of curvature and skeletal maturity, ranging from observation to bracing and surgical intervention. Particularly in individuals undergoing growth, consistent and effective use of braces is critical to prevent curve progression. Surgical treatment is preferred in cases with severe curvatures to correct the deformity and halt its advancement. The many unknowns surrounding the pathogenesis of AIS underscore the importance of continued research in this field. Advances in diagnostic techniques and innovative treatment strategies may offer more effective and lasting solutions. Current literature emphasizes the significance of personalized treatment planning and a multidisciplinary approach. There remains a continuing need for future research in the fields of genetics and biomechanics. Although artificial intelligence has made significant progress, it is not yet sufficiently functional for routine clinical use and requires further development.