Structural Changes in the International System and Korea-Japan Relations : How to Read the 60 Year History of Diplomatic Relations between Korea and Japan

This study analyzes the evolution of Korea–Japan relations over the 60 years since the normalization of diplomatic ties in 1965, focusing on structural changes in the international system and their impact on bilateral dynamics. It identifies key variables influencing Korea–Japan relations— the international system, power balance, domestic regimes, and leadership—and shows how their interplay has shaped the relationship through four major periods: the Cold War, post–Cold War, US– China strategic competition, and the era of global polycrisis. The research highlights a fundamental shift from a vertical, asymmetric relationship to a horizontal, more equal partnership as South Korea achieved economic development and democratization. The paper also explores the recurrence of historical and territorial disputes and analyzes the emergence of strategic cooperation in response to complex global crises after 2023. The study argues that while recent improvements in Korea–Japan ties are substantial, sustaining progress requires careful management of contentious historical issues, expanded people–to–people exchange, and wider public support. Ultimately, a new joint vision for partnership is recommended to solidify strategic cooperation amid ongoing regional and global uncertainties.