Optimal Placement of Renewable Energy Sources and Fuel Cells in Power System Network

With the growing diversity of distributed power systems, the integration of various energy sources, such as Solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems and Fuel Cells, has become increasingly common. These systems, while offering sustainability and efficiency, introduce challenges such as fluctuations in power input, voltage, current, and frequency. A stable power system must effectively manage these variations and distribute energy efficiently across subsystems. Stability can be enhanced by controlling critical parameters like reactive power, voltage, and frequency. This study investigates the stability of a distributed power system through load flow analysis and Line Stability Index (L-index) calculations, focusing on the IEEE 39-bus system as the base model. The study begins with a load flow analysis of the base system to identify weak points in the network. Solar PV and Fuel Cell systems are then integrated at the weakest bus to evaluate their impact on system stability under various operating conditions. The results highlight the ability of Solar PV systems to reduce L-index values and improve stability, though intermittency remains a challenge. In contrast, Fuel Cells provide consistent power generation, significantly enhancing voltage stability and reducing the risk of instability. This research underscores the importance of distributed energy resources in modern power systems, offering insights into improving grid performance and adapting to transient disturbances through strategic integration of renewable technologies.