Strengthening GMPP in Off-Grid BIPV Systems with Array Interconnections Coupled DC-DC Boost Converters Under Partial Shading

Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems offer a sustainable and integrated method of producing renewable energy on-site. Nevertheless, partial shading brought on by external elements such as shadows from surrounding buildings or clouds results in several peaks in the power-voltage (P-V) curve, making it more difficult to locate the Global Maximum Power Point (GMPP) and causing large energy losses. The improvement of GMPP tracking in off-grid BIPV systems under shading patterns, including frame, centre, and diagonal shading, is examined in this research. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms, like Perturb and Observe (P&O) and Incremental Conductance (INC), are compared. In order to reduce shading impacts and boost system efficiency, various photovoltaic interconnection topologies are also examined and coupled, including Series-Parallel (SP), Total-Cross-Tied (TCT), and Quarter Tied (QT). The efficiency of the suggested techniques is shown by MATLAB/Simulink simulations, which show enhanced energy output, decreased power losses, and increased adaptability to changing environmental conditions. The broad use of BIPV technologies in green building practices and sustainable energy solutions is greatly aided by these developments.