Agro-Microgrid Frequency Stabilization Using Puma Optimizer Tuned Virtual Synchronous Systems

Maintaining frequency stability in an isolated agricultural microgrid is challenging due to the high penetration of inverter-based renewable energy sources and low system inertia. This paper presents a novel Agro-microgrid model for remote areas that incorporates renewable energy sources, advanced energy storage systems, power electronics, and virtual synchronous system support. This integrated approach ensures the reliable supply of critical and essential loads in rural environments. Second, the study assesses the performance of a Fractional-Order TID controller optimized using multiple metaheuristic algorithms—namely Particle Swarm Optimization, Whale Optimizing Algorithm, and a novel Puma Optimization Algorithm to achieve robust power synchronization and effective frequency regulation. Further, a comprehensive sensitivity analysis is conducted investigating the practical scenarios, providing valuable insights into system behavior and resilience under variable load conditions, including the effects of photovoltaic shading paving the way for improved energy management of microgrids in rural and isolated areas.