Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Controlled Through Direct Torque for Electric Vehicle

In AC drives, independent variation of torque and flux is one of the renowned techniques due to its elementary control computation, easy numerical implementation, and robust operation attributes. This paper introduces the concept of independent torque regulation and its computational results. Various direct torque control (DTC) methodologies are available: DTC, model predictive DTC, duty ratio modulated DTC, and field-oriented control for permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs). Among the above-mentioned control strategies, the DTC technique has been reviewed and analyzed, depending on the control performance of an IPMSM using a three-level voltage source converter.