Areas of Functioning of Dagestan Languages in Modern Era: Distribution and Development Trends

The article analyzes the linguistic status in the Republic of Dagestan in the 21st century; examines the communication activity in the functioning of Dagestan languages as one of the important drivers of their vitality in the modern era. Since the early 2000s, Dagestan's written languages have gradually given way to Russian as languages of instruction, regional communication, culture, etc. However, native languages remain a school (including for speakers of unwritten languages and distant dialects) languages of folklore, and partially the languages of social, political and other areas of life. The basic area of functioning of non-written languages remains colloquial, everyday use. Monitoring conducted in this multiethnic region allowed to determine the share of functioning of Russian and native languages, identify potential vulnerabilities of Dagestan languages and trends in their development. It was determined that the narrowing functioning of Dagestan languages compromises their vitality and signals the need for increased attention to languages that are under threat of gradual extinction.