SEISMIC RESISTANCE OF LARGE-PANEL BUILDINGS IN SEISMIC REGIONS. RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

The article presents an extensive retrospective analysis of the regulatory framework governing seismic-resistant design of large-panel buildings in seismic regions of Ukraine, spanning from early Soviet documents (PSP-101-51, SN 8-57) and subsequent SNiP regulations (II-A.12-62, II-12-69, II-7-81) to contemporary DBN V.1.1-12:2006 and DBN V.1.1-12:2014. The study's relevance stems from increased design seismic intensity in numerous regions following the implementation of ZSR-2004 maps, which necessitated reassessment of seismic resistance in buildings previously constructed without appropriate anti-seismic measures. The authors systematized key regulatory criteria (maximum building height and length, minimum requirements for joints and reinforcement, calculation methods) in a comparative table to demonstrate the trends of increasing requirements and transition from general recommendations to precise numerical limitations. A comprehensive, structured approach was applied, including documentary research, thematic analysis, and systematic grouping of regulatory requirements, which enabled establishing the relationship between the construction period of a large-panel building and its degree of compliance with current standards. The study demonstrates that the development of requirements has occurred in response to accumulated experience, technological advances, and international influences, resulting in modern calculation methods (spectral, nonlinear), detailed specifications for joints and reinforcement, and possibilities for seismic isolation implementation. The obtained results provide opportunities for direct integration into the methodology of visual assessment and certification of existing residential buildings, significantly optimizing the process of identifying potentially problematic structural elements and facilitating the development of scientifically substantiated solutions for strengthening load-bearing structures by engineers. Thus, the retrospective approach serves as a valuable tool for improving the efficiency of seismic resistance assessment, optimizing resources for building reinforcement, and enhancing regulatory documents in the field of seismic-resistant construction.