Management and Planning Without Overflowing from the Riverbed

Precautions taken to reduce risks before floods occur play a critical role in minimizing loss of life and property. Throughout history, civilizations have emerged and developed on river banks. In the development of these civilizations, streams have played a role in meeting the needs of drinking and utility water for settlements, irrigation water for agricultural areas, and, in later years, energy and industry. In recent years, floods have begun to occur due to changes in precipitation due to global climate change. The first step in this process is to determine areas at risk of flooding using scientific methods. Preparation of risk maps, limiting construction in these areas, and making appropriate land use plans are basic approaches. For structural design, it is important to estimate the magnitude of floods and the effects and efficiency of these structures on flood waves. For this purpose, cooperation should be established between local governments, central authorities, and relevant institutions, flood early warning systems should be established, and the public should be informed about these systems. In addition, flood-resistant infrastructure projects (such as sewer systems, flood dams, and stream rehabilitation) should be planned and implemented in advance. The society should be prepared for floods through education and awareness activities, and organizational preparation should be increased through pre-disaster drills. This study focuses on the definition of flood, types of floods, classification of floods, flood diversion, and flood protection principles, and aims to create public awareness.