Psychological Perspectives on Weight Gain and Loss: Experiences of Olympic Combat Sports Athletes

This study aims to examine the physical, psychological, and social difficulties experienced by Olympic-level combat athletes during weight management processes. A qualitative approach was adopted and a phenomenological design was used to explore in depth the lived experiences of athletes in both weight gain and weight loss practices. The study group consisted of 15 athletes (Mean age = 28.93 years) who represented Turkey in combat sports at the Olympic Games and were selected using maximum variation sampling. Data were collected between October and December 2024 through a semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using thematic analysis. Main themes such as physical and psychological challenges, dietary strategies, and social support mechanisms were revealed. Findings showed that athletes experienced physiological problems such as dehydration, energy loss, and muscle fatigue during rapid weight loss, as well as psychological problems including stress, anxiety, and burnout. Beyond individual symptoms, the study highlighted the role of resilience, coaching guidance, and social environment as critical factors shaping weight management strategies. Athletes emphasized that professional guidance from coaches, dietitians, and psychologists enabled them to adopt healthier approaches, while insufficient support often led to risky practices. Another important finding was that the long-term health consequences of extreme weight management included chronic fatigue and decreased well-being, whereas gradual and conscious methods contributed positively to health and performance. This research contributes to the literature by presenting first-hand accounts of Olympic-level athletes and underlining the multidimensional nature of weight management. In conclusion, it is recommended that comprehensive support and preventive education be provided at both individual and institutional levels in order to optimize athletic performance while protecting long-term health.