Experimental demonstration of decoy-three-state quantum key distribution with advantage distillation

The advantage distillation (AD) method can significantly improve the bit error rate tolerance and transmission distance for different quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols. To enhance the transmission distance in a decoy-three-state QKD protocol, we analyze security using the AD method for the decoy-three-state QKD protocol with a weak-coherent source. The theoretical analysis results indicate that the AD method can significantly enhance the transmission distance of the decoy-three-state QKD protocol. Moreover, by applying the AD method, we experimentally realize the decoy-three-state QKD protocol with 130 km transmission distance. Our analysis results demonstrate that the AD method can significantly improve the performance of decoy-three-state QKD protocols, which can be applied in the quantum network in future research.