Principles of Energy Efficiency in the Interior of Residential Premises

The article analyzes the principles of energy efficiency in residential interior design. It examines the methodology for selecting and integrating phase change materials (PCMs) and related composites into living spaces to enhance energy performance and improve thermal comfort. Three groups of PCMs-organic, inorganic and eutectic-are evaluated according to key selection criteria: phase-change temperature range, specific latent heat capacity, thermal conductivity, cyclic stability, environmental compatibility and cost effectiveness. Four principal techniques for PCM incorporation are reviewed: direct incorporation, impregnation, macro-, micro- and nano-encapsulation, and shape stabilization. The findings provide a foundation for the development of next-generation interior finishing systems with integrated PCMs and enable the formulation of implementation guidelines. The information will interest an interdisciplinary audience-from architects and interior designers seeking to apply energy-efficient strategies during concept development and material selection, to energy engineers and sustainable-development researchers investigating both thermodynamic and behavioral mechanisms for optimizing residential microclimates. In addition, the results will be valuable to those drafting technical regulations and to policymakers establishing standards for housing construction.