Security Requirements Engineering: A Review and Analysis

Security is crucial, especially as software systems become increasingly complex. Both practitioners and researchers advocate for the early integration of security requirements (SR) into the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). However, ensuring the validation and assurance of security requirements is still a major challenge in developing secure systems. To investigate this issue, a two-phase study was carried out. First phase: a literature review was conducted on 45 relevant studies related to Security Requirements Engineering (SRE) and Security Requirements Assurance (SRA). Nine SRE techniques were examined across multiple parameters, including major categories, requirements engineering stages, project scale, and the integration of standards involving 17 distinct activities. Second phase: An empirical survey of 58 industry professionals revealed a clear disparity between the understanding of Security Requirements Engineering (SRE) and the implementation of Security Requirements Assurance (SRA). While statistical analyses (ANOVA, regression, correlation, Kruskal–Wallis) confirmed a moderate grasp of SRE practices, SRA remains poorly understood and underapplied. Unlike prior studies focused on isolated models, this research combines practical insights with comparative analysis, highlighting the systemic neglect of SRA in current practices. The findings indicate the need for stronger security assurance in early development phases, offering targeted, data-driven recommendations for bridging this gap.