Growth Analysis and Yield of Twelve Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Genotypes in Myanmar

Groundnut productivity in Myanmar is often limited by fluctuations in seasonal conditions. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate and identify genotypes that perform well under variable environments. Two field experiments were conducted at the Oilseed Crops Research Section, Department of Agricultural Research (DAR), Yezin, Myanmar, during the post-monsoon season (October, 2023 to January, 2024) and the monsoon season (May to September, 2024). Twelve groundnut genotypes were evaluated using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. This research aimed to evaluate the growth performance of twelve groundnut genotypes and to study the relationship between yield and some agronomic characters. Results revealed that significant differences in all growth parameters and yield were observed among the tested genotypes in both seasons indicating genetic variation existing among the tested genotypes. ICGV-07406 and ICGV-07286 consistently produced the highest pod yield across both seasons. ICGV-07406 and ICGV-07286 recorded 15–20% higher pod yield than the trial mean. ICGV-07406 was characterized by a greater number of branches per plant, higher number of mature pods, larger 100-seed weight, higher shelling percentage, and superior growth parameters such as total dry matter (TDM), crop growth rate (CGR), leaf area index (LAI) and harvest index. Meanwhile, ICGV-07286 showed higher values for 100-seed weight, shelling percentage, net assimilation rate (NAR), relative growth rate (RGR), and harvest index (HI). Greater yield of Sinpadatha-12 in monsoon season was attributed to its maximum harvest index. Most growth parameters were positively correlated, each contributing to groundnut pod yield with varying degrees. Pod yield of groundnut was strongly correlated with TDM in the post-monsoon season, while it was more closely associated with HI during the monsoon season. It highlights the need for seasonal specific management practices, varietal choice, and breeding strategies to maximize productivity.