Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Raster Angle and Printing Speed on Mechanical Performance and Fracture Behavior of ABS Material Produced by FFF Technology

In recent years, developments in polymer material technologies have significantly increased the use of these materials in engineering applications. In this context, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) has become a widely preferred thermoplastic in many industries such as automotive, electronics, health and construction due to its lightness, low cost, sustainability and high mechanical strength. Along with traditional production methods, advances in additive manufacturing (AM) technologies offer new opportunities in the production of polymers such as ABS and bring to the agenda the effect of production process parameters on final product performance. Studies in the literature show that production parameters, especially printing speed and raster angle, play a decisive role in mechanical properties. In this study, the effects of printing speed (60, 70 and 80 mm/s) and raster angle (±45° and 0–90°) variables on the mechanical performance of samples produced from ABS material using the FFF method were investigated. As a result of the tensile tests, tensile strengths of 36.26 MPa and 31.77 MPa were obtained for ±45° and 0–90° raster angles at a printing speed of 60 mm/s, respectively. Charpy impact test results revealed that the impact strength increased with the increase in printing speed; 53.88 kJ/m² impact strength was measured at ±45° raster angle and 40.69 kJ/m² impact strength was measured at 0–90° raster angle. SEM analysis showed that the interlayer gaps increased with the increase in printing speed, and this caused a decrease in tensile strength. The findings revealed that the selection of optimum production parameters plays a critical role in improving the mechanical performance of ABS samples. As a result, it was revealed that the printing angle and speed directly affect the mechanical performance of ABS material, and the optimization of these parameters is of critical importance.