Uniqueness of bound states to $\Delta u-u+|u|^{p-1}u= 0$ in $\mathbb{R}^{n} $, $n\ge 3$

Abstract We give a positive answer to a conjecture of Berestycki and Lions in 1983 on the uniqueness of bound states to $\Delta u +f(u)=0$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:math> in $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:math> , $u\in H^{1}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:math> , $u\not \equiv 0$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≢</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:math> , $n\ge 3$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:math> . For the model nonlinearity $f(u)=-u+|u|^{p-1}u$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> </mml:math> , $1&lt; p&lt;(n+2)/(n-2)$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:math> , arising from finding standing waves of Klein-Gordon equation or nonlinear Schrödinger equation, we show that, for each integer $k\ge 1$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:math> , the problem has a unique solution $u=u(|x|)$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:math> , $x\in \mathbb{R}^{n}$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:math> , up to translation and reflection, that has precisely $k$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:math> zeros for $|x|&gt;0$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:math> .

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Publication Details

Journal
Inventiones mathematicae
Published
2025-10-10
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00222-025-01379-0
Citations
1
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Advanced Mathematical Physics Problems
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article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

Uniqueness of bound states to $\Delta u-u+|u|^{p-1}u= 0$ in $\mathbb{R}^{n} $, $n\ge 3$

Moxun Tang
1 citations
Inventiones mathematicae
Advanced Mathematical Physics Problems
3.69
article

Uniqueness of bound states to $\Delta u-u+|u|^{p-1}u= 0$ in $\mathbb{R}^{n} $, $n\ge 3$

Moxun Tang
article en
1 citations

Abstract

Abstract We give a positive answer to a conjecture of Berestycki and Lions in 1983 on the uniqueness of bound states to $\Delta u +f(u)=0$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:math> in $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:math> , $u\in H^{1}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:math> , $u\not \equiv 0$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≢</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:math> , $n\ge 3$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:math> . For the model nonlinearity $f(u)=-u+|u|^{p-1}u$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> </mml:math> , $1&lt; p&lt;(n+2)/(n-2)$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:math> , arising from finding standing waves of Klein-Gordon equation or nonlinear Schrödinger equation, we show that, for each integer $k\ge 1$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:math> , the problem has a unique solution $u=u(|x|)$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:math> , $x\in \mathbb{R}^{n}$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:math> , up to translation and reflection, that has precisely $k$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:math> zeros for $|x|&gt;0$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:math> .

Inventiones mathematicaeVol. 243(2)
Openalex Percentile: Top 7%
Advanced Mathematical Physics Problems
3.69
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