Biomedical sensing applications of soft, wearable microfluidic systems

Soft microfluidic sensing platforms have emerged as a transformative technology for real-time, noninvasive, and continuous health monitoring. This paper reviews recent advancements in soft microfluidic systems, focusing on the biomedical sensing platforms such as colorimetric, electrochemical, optical, etc., sensing modalities. Additionally, the integration of multimodal sensing approaches is discussed as a strategy to enhance sensitivity, specificity, and robustness under dynamic physiological conditions. Key material and fabrication strategies enabling flexibility, stretchability, and biocompatibility are highlighted, along with their interfacing challenges in wearable formats. The review also explores the role of artificial intelligence in sensor design, data processing, and predictive diagnostics. By identifying current limitations and emerging trends, this work provides future directions toward developing next-generation soft microfluidic systems for personalized, decentralized healthcare.