Enhancing UV resistance and wearability in knitted cotton fabrics with structural and physical modifications

The ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) quantifies the effectiveness of textile materials in shielding the skin from ultraviolet radiation (UVR). This study investigates the influence of knitted fabric topologies on UV protection, concentrating on Single Jersey, Rib (1 × 1), and Interlock (1 × 1) samples without chemical additives. With their natural stretchability and comfort, knitted fabrics provide a flexible and practical foundation for designing UV-protective garments. The correlation between UPF and various fabric characteristics was methodically examined. These characteristics included GSM (grams per square meter), thermal conductivity, air permeability, fabric thickness, weight, stitch density, water vapor permeability, and color strength. The results demonstrate a proportionate correlation between UPF and GSM, thermal conductivity, and fabric thickness. However, an inverse correlation was noted with air and water vapor permeability. The study also analyzed comfort-related attributes, emphasizing the relationship between UV protection and breathability. Crucial construction elements, including fabric fineness, density, porosity, and structural design, substantially affected UPF values. While some knitted structures may lack inherent high UV protection, improved fabric manufacturing can augment UPF efficacy. This study highlights the need to balance UV protection with thermal comfort. Choosing suitable fabric structures and patterns is essential for functional textiles. This approach enables tailored solutions for diverse applications.