Prevalence and Predictors of Depression Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Peri-Urban North India: A Cross-sectional Study

Background Depression is a common comorbidity in patients with diabetes mellitus that often remains underdiagnosed and untreated. With the rising burden of diabetes in India understanding the prevalence and determinants of depression among diabetic patients is crucial for developing integrated care approaches.Objective To estimate the proportion of adults in the urban slums of Bengaluru who have availed preventive health checkups and to identify the motivators and barriers influencing their utilization.Methods This cross-sectional study included 241 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from four field practice areas of JNMCH Aligarh. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 PHQ-9. Clinicodemographic characteristics were collected using a predesigned semi-structured questionnaire. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression were employed to analyze associations between variables.Results The mean age of participants was 53.95 plusmn 12.10 years with 62.7 being female. Moderate to moderately severe depression was present in 31.9 of patients 26.1 moderate 5.8 moderately severe. Significant associations were found between depression and several factors female gender 42.4 vs 17.8 in males Plt0.001 middle age group of 41-60 years adjusted OR 6.7 95 CI 2.6-21.1 P0.001 and presence of diabetes complications adjusted OR 3.3 95 CI 1.6-6.8 P0.001. Duration of diabetes gt10 years showed significant association in unadjusted analysis OR 3.1 95 CI 1.5-6.4 but became non-significant after adjustment.Conclusion The high prevalence of depression among diabetic patients particularly in specific demographic groups emphasizes the need for routine depression screening in diabetes care settings. Special attention should be paid to middle-aged patients women and those with complications. Implementation of integrated care models incorporating mental health services into routine diabetes care could significantly improve patient outcomes. nbsp