Analyzing Transaction Structures in the International Freight Forwarding Industry : A Cluster Analysis Approach

Purpose : The primary objective of this studyis to systematically examine the functions and roles of freight forwarders in international logistics sector and to conduct an in-depth empirical analysis of transactional behaviors within the logistics market. Specifically, this research closely investigates transaction methods, market competition structures, and the nature of contractual relationships, using actual transaction data from logistics companies. Research design, data and methodology : This paper Based on the identified contract types and transaction structures, the study further analyzes transactional data of logistics companies—particularly focusing on their purchasing and sales relationships—to assess whether unreasonable contract terms are present and how these companies’ transaction structures are actually organized. Results : The results of the cluster analysis reveal that international freight forwarders can be categorized into several distinct groups based on the concentration of their trading relationships. Firms heavily dependent on a small number of clients exhibit high transaction shares with one or two counterparties, indicating a high risk of transaction concentration. Conclusions : In summary, the international logistics market exhibits signs of transaction concentration toward top-tier firms and a degree of dependency within cooperative relationships. The dominant influence of large logistics conglomerates and shipping lines is particularly evident.