Advances in Breeding Strategies for Collar Rot Resistance in Peanut (<i>Arachis hypogaea </i>L.)

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a self-pollinated allotetraploid amphidiploid species and is the fourth most important oilseed crop and a third important source of vegetable protein, and the 13th important food crop. The peanut are a rich source of proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and lipids. The nutritional profile of the peanut makes it a valuable source of oil, which can replace olive and canola oil, and also serves as a livestock feed. Biotic factor remains a major constraint in sustainable peanut production, including collar rot disease. The collar rot in peanut is caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Aspergillus niger, which attacks the collar region of the peanut seedling which leading to severe yield losses. The yield losses in peanut due to collar rot disease range from 13 to 52% in various regions. As there is no commercial cultivar or variety has been reported that is fully resistant to collar rot disease. So, there is a high need to lay down the breeding focus on this issue, which leads to sustainable peanut production. This review paper addresses the innovative breeding strategies, like molecular, biochemical, and transgenic approaches, to couple with conventional or traditional breeding methods that play a significant role in the identification of resistance mechanisms underlying which lead to the development of resistant genotypes.