Creating inclusive campuses: Exploring the challenges of higher education students with disabilities in Malaysia

Creating inclusive campuses is essential for ensuring that Students with Disabilities (SWD) can fully participate in higher education. While previous research has focused on well-established Malaysian universities, there is a critical gap in understanding the unique challenges faced by students with disabilities in newer institutions with limited resources and a developing support system. This study explores the challenges SWD encounter in achieving both academic success and social integration. Twelve university students with various disabilities, recruited from three Malaysian public universities established less than 50 years ago, participated in semi-structured interviews, highlighting areas needing urgent improvement. Using thematic analysis, four primary themes were identified: (1) academic challenges, (2) inadequate services and facilities, (3) mobility difficulties, and (4) social relationship problems. SWD struggle with the pace of instruction, managing their time, and accessing learning materials; experience challenges worsened by inadequate facilities, face reduced independence and participation due to mobility barriers; and experience social exclusion and stigma. These findings emphasise the systemic barriers that continue to hinder inclusivity and underscore the critical need for universities to adopt comprehensive strategies that provide SWD with effective support for academic achievement, well-being, and meaningful participation in campus life.