Effects of a Technology Based Weight Management Program on Body Composition, Body Image, and Health-Related Self-Efficacy in Adults with Intellectual Disabilities

This study developed and implemented a technology-based weight management program for adults with intellectual disabilities and examined its effects on body composition, body image, and health-management self-efficacy. Five adults with intellectual disabilities who met obesity criteria and recognized the need for weight control participated in the study. The 14-session program combined instruction in weight-management knowledge and skills, training in the use of health-related technologies, and practice-oriented activities delivered through a metaverse platform. A single group pretest-posttest design was employed, and paired-sample t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were conducted to evaluate intervention effects. Results showed no significant changes in body composition; however, body image and health-management self-efficacy improved significantly from pre- to posttest. This study implemented a comprehensive weight management program that integrated multiple components, examining changes in the psychosocial factors of individuals with intellectual disabilities. By utilizing technology and fostering collaborative peer relationships, the program enhanced participants’ autonomous motivation for weight control. These findings highlight the significance of providing tailored health-management support for adults with intellectual disabilities and propose concrete strategies to address this necessity.