A Review on the Impact of Offshore Wind Farm Development on Maritime Traffic Safety and the Improvement of Traffic Management and Regulatory Systems

This study examines the impact of offshore wind farm development on maritime traffic safety and proposes improvements in traffic control and regulatory measures. We analyze changes in vessel routing and navigational safety due to offshore wind farms using AIS data, and we investigate challenges in Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) operations, as well as the effects of wind turbines on radar and AIS detection. The results show that offshore wind farms increase vessel traffic density and complexity, leading to higher collision risks. We also identify the need for enhanced VTS capabilities and improved radar detection technologies to mitigate these risks. Based on these findings, we propose comprehensive strategies including designated routing schemes, VTS operation enhancements, advanced radar/AIS technologies, and regulatory reforms to ensure maritime safety in the coexistence of offshore wind farms and shipping.