Human-AI Interaction Challenges and Preparations for Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship Development in Korea

Maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS) promise to revolutionize maritime transport through advanced AI-driven navigation and collision avoidance. However, research indicates that even with high levels of autonomy, a human-AI cooperative approach is essential to ensure safety. This paper examines the preparatory tasks for domestic MASS development from a human-AI interaction perspective. We discuss a conceptual model in which human operators play active roles beyond mere backup, an overview of the Shore Control Center operator interface and functions, and a risk assessment methodology combining System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) and Bayesian Networks (BN). Furthermore, we address practical readiness issues including regulatory updates and training for new operator competencies. Through this, we outline how to maximize human-AI synergy for the safe implementation of autonomous ships.