Türkiye ve BRICS Ekonomilerinin Net Ticaret İndeksine Göre Küreselleşme Perspektifinde Rekabet, Uzmanlaşma ve Endüstri İçi Ticaret Analizi

This study examines the differences in value-added sectors created by globalisation in foreign trade and their effects on the competitiveness of Turkey and BRICS countries. Using foreign trade data for 2017-2022, the Net Trade Index (NTI), one of the indices of revealed comparative advantage, is calculated and the intra-industry trade levels of countries are examined. The study evaluates how the increase in high value-added and technology-intensive products in foreign trade affects countries' global competitive advantages and their capacity to achieve sustainable advantage. Among the BRICS countries, Brazil stands out with natural resources and agricultural exports, Russia with energy production and raw materials, India with information technologies and human resources, China with manufacturing and technological innovation, and South Africa with mining resources. Turkey's foreign trade structure is also analysed within this framework and sectoral competitiveness in global markets is focused on using the ISIC Rev. 3 classification. The study highlights the transformative effects of globalisation on the current economic structures of countries in foreign trade. In this context, it reveals the importance of high value-added products in foreign trade in the perspective of globalisation and analyses the foreign trade performance of Turkey and BRICS countries in particular. These countries are analysed in detail in the context of explained comparative advantage and competitiveness in the globalisation process. The findings of the study reveal that foreign trade policies should have a transformation that focuses not only on volume growth but also on high technology and value-added products. For Turkey and BRICS countries, it is critical for policymakers to increase sectoral diversification, strengthen R&D investments and integrate more effectively into global value chains in order to achieve sustainable competitive advantage.