Developing emotional intelligence and counseling self-efficacy in clinical pastoral education in healthcare settings: a multicenter pre-post study

This study demonstrates that participants' EI and CSE significantly increased during their clinical education. The results show a strong relationship between EI and CSE development, suggesting that EI growth contributes to increased confidence in counseling abilities. The findings support CPE's effectiveness in fostering essential skills for spiritual care providers, regardless of delivery modality or participant demographics.