Cross-Reality UX Design Framework for AR/VR-Based Digital Twin Environments

This paper proposes a cross-reality user experience (UX) design framework for digital twin systems deployed across Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), and web platforms. Ensuring consistent UX across these heterogeneous platforms is critical for maintaining user familiarity and reducing cognitive load when interacting with digital twins. We first review the concepts of digital twins and cross-reality (XR) environments, highlighting the need for unified design strategies. The framework emphasizes visual design consistency, interaction mapping, and context-appropriate adaptation to bridge real and virtual environments. We derive design principles from existing XR design guidelines and cross-reality design patterns, and formulate a structured process for implementing a unified design system that spans AR/VR interfaces and conventional web dashboards. As a case study in the architecture domain, we illustrate how a building’s digital twin can provide a seamless user experience whether accessed through an AR on-site overlay, an immersive VR simulation, or a web platform. The proposed framework suggests practical standardization possibilities for XR UX design, potentially serving as a guideline for industry adoption.