Encapsulation of Jamblang (Syzygium cumini) Somatic Embryos with Variations in the Alginate Concentration, Temperature, and Storage Duration

Jamblang (Syzygium cumini) is a widely known medicinal plant that can be used to treat various diseases.Seeds of the plant are recalcitrant, as evidenced by their high moisture content with a low storage capacity, which reduces their viability.Therefore, this study aims to determine the best hormone combination to induce an embryogenic callus of S. cumini leaves.A total of six hormone combinations were tested at this stage.The study was also carried out to determine the best alginate concentration, the optimum temperature, and the proper storage duration for S. cumini somatic synthetic embryo encapsulation.The parameters observed were the morphology and characteristics of the S. cumini somatic embryo as well as the quality of seeds with the best physical properties and regeneration ability.Alginate concentrations of 2%, 3%, and 4% were tested as parameters for the physical properties, while the regeneration ability was evaluated using the same alginate concentrations with storage durations of 15, 30, and 45 days at temperatures of 15C and 25C.The optimal induction of the embryogenic callus was achieved with 2 mg L -1 2,4-D in the absence of BAP, producing a callus with an intermediate texture and yellow-green coloration.The histology of the embryogenic callus cells showed a large nucleus, a round shape, a small size, a thick cell wall, and dense cytoplasm.An alginate concentration of 3% and a storage time of 30 days at 15C and 25C produced S. cumini somatic synthetic embryo seeds with the best physical properties and regeneration ability.Optimization of the regeneration medium and the induction of embryos at the green cotyledonary stage are essential for successful somatic embryo encapsulation and subsequent shoot development.